Various Alpine skiing competitions have developed in the history of skiing. Ski racer competing in a Giant Slalom race Different snow and weather conditions, such as dry air in low temperatures or spring conditions, or icy crust, or fresh powder require different skiing techniques and equipment. A double black diamond is for experts only these trails are steep, rarely groomed, and often left in a completely natural state. A black diamond indicates the most vertical and difficult run on a ski-mountain often characterized by steep faces with moguls. A blue square marks slopes, or ski-runs, of medium difficulty these runs are more vertical than beginner runs. Sometimes known as "bunny slopes" or beginner runs, they are usually groomed by snowcats every night.
In North America, the easiest ski runs are marked by green circles, and are typically fairly flat and smooth. Although novice skiers often use a technique called the "snowplough/snowplow" on a less vertical slope, skiing typically involves parallel turns on a steeper slope. Skiing involves turning across the fall-line on a vertical slope. 2.1 Organization of Alpine ski competition.Today, it is popular wherever the combination of snow, mountain slopes, and a sufficient tourist infrastructure can be built up, including parts of Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, the South American Andes, and East Asia. Early alpine skiers either climbed a slope with their skis, or in Switzerland took a train and skied down a valley. Alpine skiing as a club sport 1861 at Kiandra, Australia, alpine skiing was a club sport in the mid- to late-1900s while at the same time it was being established as a sport in the Swiss Alps. Alternatively, Alpine skiers may pursue the sport in less controlled environments this practice is variously referred to as ski touring, backcountry skiing, or extreme skiing. The snow is groomed, avalanches are controlled and trees are cut to create trails. Recreational or competitive alpine skiing occurs at a ski resort with ski lifts that transport skiers up the mountain. Super-giant slalom and downhill have few turns, the courses have gates spaced widely apart and skiers often reach 100km/h.
Slalom ski races have courses that require short tight turns, whereas giant-slalom have courses are set with more widely spaced turns. In competitive alpine skiing races four disciplines exist: slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and downhill. Alpine skiing can be contrasted with skiing using free-heel bindings: Ski mountaineering and nordic skiing – such as cross-country ski jumping and Telemark. Alpine skiing is the sport of sliding down snow-covered hills on skis with fixed-heel bindings.